FAQ

Low‑carbon methanol is produced from low‑carbon hydrogen derived from natural gas with full carbon capture and permanent geological storage of CO₂. EPCG’s pathway is designed to deliver a declining lifecycle carbon intensity as additional CO₂ from shipping (OCCS) and industry (IND CO₂) is stored.

Floating units convert natural gas into low‑carbon hydrogen and methanol using autothermal reforming (ATR) with full CCS. Captured CO₂ is permanently stored in the producing reservoir, supporting CO₂‑EGR, extending field life, and ensuring long‑term containment integrity.

Floating units avoid:

• Long permitting timelines
• Land constraints
• Upstream emissions from extraction, separation, pipelines, and compression
• CO₂ disposal challenges

They can be deployed globally, rapidly, relocated if needed, and integrated directly with offshore or nearshore gas supplies.

In EPCG projects, CO₂ injection is undertaken for permanent geological storage. Any reservoir pressure or CO₂‑enhanced gas recovery effects that may occur are incidental and are not relied upon for emissions crediting, which is based solely on verified stored CO₂ volumes.

CO₂‑Enhanced Gas Recovery involves injecting captured and additional CO₂ into the producing reservoir to:

• Increase ultimate gas recovery
• Maintain reservoir pressure
• Extend field life
• Provide permanent geological storage

It is a proven technique in suitable reservoirs.

Onboard Carbon Capture and Storage (OCCS) refers to CO₂ captured on ships during fuel combustion. Shuttle tankers return this CO₂ to EPCG’s floating units for permanent storage. This is a recognised route under FuelEU Maritime, anticipated under IMO frameworks, with formal adoption expected separately from the IMO Net Zero Framework (NZF).

EPCG methanol is classified as a low‑carbon fuel (LCF) under the EU Delegated Regulation of 8 July 2025 and benefits from EU ETS shipping inclusion from 2024. Its declining lifecycle carbon intensity supports compliance with:

• FuelEU Maritime (2025–2050)
• EU ETS for shipping (from 2024)

LNG cannot access this deep lifecycle reduction because:

• LNG does not separate hydrogen or release capture‑ready CO₂ during fuel production and therefore cannot practically achieve deep lifecycle reductions without conversion
• LNG liquefaction does not release carbon upfront
• LNG cannot integrate OCCS or IND CO₂
• LNG faces long‑term compliance challenges under FuelEU Maritime and the proposed IMO NZF

EPCG’s pathway avoids these structural limitations.

Green, bio, and e‑methanol pathways are constrained by:

• Renewable power availability
• Biomass supply
• Land use
• Cost and scalability

EPCG’s pathway is designed to deliver large‑scale, cost‑competitive low‑carbon methanol with a declining lifecycle carbon intensity.

LCAF is produced via methanol‑to‑jet synthesis using EPCG’s low‑carbon methanol as feedstock. It is a drop‑in replacement for traditional jet fuel and is designed to:

• Deliver 15–17% WTW reduction vs ICAO’s 89 gCO₂e/MJ baseline
• Deliver ~85% WTT reduction at COD and thereafter
• Be fully compliant with ICAO CORSIA

Lloyd’s Register has verified EPCG’s ICAO CORSIA reductions.

Under current ICAO methodology, only CO₂ reductions within the fuel’s own supply chain are included in the CORSIA lifecycle value. Additional CO₂ stored from OCCS or industry is accounted for separately but provides a scalable negative‑emissions resource for the wider transport system.

Yes. Methanol is:

• Liquid at ambient temperature and pressure
• Fully miscible in water
• Rapidly biodegradable
• Non‑persistent and non‑accumulative

It produces no soot, no SOₓ, very low NOₓ, and no particulate matter. Compared with methanol:

• Ammonia is ~220,000× more harmful to marine life
• Methane is >300× more harmful
• Diesel and heavy fuel oil are ~200× more harmful

CO₂ is injected into producing reservoirs with:

• Continuous mass‑flow monitoring
• ISO‑aligned MRV
• Pressure and integrity surveillance
• Auditable chain‑of‑custody
• Third‑party verification submitted to the national regulatory authority

Sequestration certificates are issued per tonne stored.

EPCG’s pathway is designed to deliver:

• ~20% lifecycle GHG reduction at COD/RFSU
• A declining CI curve as OCCS and IND CO₂ volumes increase, to ~94% lifecycle GHG reduction
• Alignment with FuelEU Maritime, EU ETS, ICAO CORSIA, and all plausible IMO NZF reduction trajectories

Yes. Units are disconnectable and self‑propelled, enabling relocation if reservoir conditions, commercial arrangements, or geopolitical factors change.

EPCG offers:

• Fixed‑price long‑term contracts
• Indexed contracts (Brent, gas, bunker indices)
• Volume‑based agreements
• Delivered‑to‑Customer‑Contract (DCC) options

Pricing is customised based on volume, duration, and delivery location.

Lloyd’s Register has verified EPCG’s marine emissions pathways under:

• The EU Delegated Regulation of 8 July 2025
• FuelEU Maritime
• EU ETS shipping inclusion from 2024
• Correct use of fossil‑sourced CO₂ until 2041, and RFNBO/bio/low‑carbon CO₂ thereafter
• IMO MARPOL Annex VI frameworks
• ICAO CORSIA